대학생을 위한 글쓰기 > 교육학

최근 우리가 짧은 기간 동안 코로나19 사태에서 경험한 것과 같이 미래사회에는 정보화 · 다원화 · 위험화 현상이 한층 심화하면서 새로운 기준new normal에 따른 변동성과 불안정성의 확대로 인하여 개인들의 삶을 책임지는 사회적 · 국가적 시스템을 설계 · 유지하는 것은 더욱 어려워질 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 개인으로서는 이제 정해진 지침서에 따른 삶을 영위하는 것은 불가능한 시대임이 분명하다. 이와 관련하여 세계적 전문연구기관-경제협력개발기구OECD(2018), 국제연합교육과학문화기구UNESCO(2013, 2014), 세계경제포럼WEF(2016)-에서는 대학의 교양 교육에서 제4차 산업혁명 시대의 미래사회가 요구하는 역량개발을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 시대정신을 반영한 교양 교육은 ‘인간을 인간답게’ 만드는 것에 목적을 두고 있으며, 이것을 실현하기 위한 강좌 가운데 하나로 글쓰기 교육을 강조하고 있다. 근본적으로 ‘글쓰기 교육’은 학문을 위한 쓰기를 지향하는 도구적 관점의 ‘학문적 글쓰기’를 목표로 하는 것도 사실이지만, 교육내용에는 ‘인문학적 교양을 함양하는 기초에서 논리적으로 사고하면서 비판적으로 사고하는 기능과 창의적으로 표현하는 능력의 향상’과 같은 잠재적·포괄적 목표도 함께 가지고 있다.

이러한 교양 교육의 목표와 연계되어 ‘인간을 인간답게’하는 자신의 주관성을 회복하는 과정으로 ‘성찰적 글쓰기’가 개인의 내면세계를 표출하는 ‘실용적 글쓰기’와 사회의 여러 계층과 활발한 소통을 위한 ‘창조적 글쓰기’와 연동되어 글쓰기 교육에서 연구 · 활용되고 있다. 특히, 성찰적 글쓰기는 ‘자신에 대한 서사, 기술, 탐색, 표현’의 의미를 함축하면서 ‘나’ 자신自身에 대한 성찰에서 시작하여 ‘너’라는 타자他者를 거쳐 ‘우리’라는 공동체共同體의 문제까지도 함께 고민하는 수렴과 확산의 개별성 · 총체성 · 세속성을 경험하는 비판적 사고력과 창의적 표현력을 함양하는 데 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 이같이 시대정신을 반영하여 교양 교육에서 강조되고 있는 ‘글쓰기 강좌’는 미래사회가 요구하는 다양한 전공영역에서 역량개발을 위한 출발점으로써 그 역할이 기대된다.

제4차 산업혁명과 함께 진행되는 지능정보사회의 여러 분야에서 새로운 기준에 따른 업무환경에서 요구하는 미래역량 계발의 기초 강좌로서 ‘글쓰기 교육’은 다양한 분야의 이론과 현장에서 실천 연구를 통하여 확대·개편·운영되고 있는 강좌이다. 이 책은 대학에서 교양강좌로서 (신입생을 위한) 『글쓰기: 사고와 표현』의 강좌에서 한 학기 동안 사용할 수 있도록 구성되었다. 이 책은 2011년에 출판되어 대학에서 글쓰기 강좌의 교재로 사용된 『학문적 글쓰기의 이해』에서 주요 내용을 발췌하여 새로운 논리의 전개와 최근의 연구 동향을 반영한 자료를 추가 · 보완하여 작성되었다. 이 책의 내용은 2부 10장으로 구성되었다. 제Ⅰ부는 ‘글쓰기의 이론적 기초’로서 제1장 ‘비판적 사고의 중요성과 글쓰기’, 제2장 ‘글쓰기의 의미, 절차 및 요건’, 제3장 ‘글쓰기의 논리전개와 종류’, 제4장 ‘글쓰기의 어문규정과 참고문헌 작성법’, 제5장 ‘글쓰기와 연구윤리’로 구성되어 있으며, 제Ⅱ부는 ‘사고와 표현의 과정으로 글쓰기의 실제’로서 제6장 ‘글쓰기 준비과정으로서 독서’, 제7장 ‘내면세계 표출과 실용적 글쓰기’, 제8장 ‘공동체 소통과 비판 · 성찰 · 창조적 글쓰기’, 제9장 ‘학습내용 확인을 위한 학문적 글쓰기’, 제10장 ‘학습결과 공유과정과 발표 및 토론’으로 구성되어 있다. 여기에 추가하여 시작 장prologue은 ‘대학의 교양교육과 글쓰기’로서 학생들에게 ‘글쓰기 강좌’가 교양 교육의 목표와 어떻게 연계되어 운영되고 있는가를 파악하기 위한 것이며, ‘마무리 장epilogue’은 ‘글쓰기를 통한 미래역량 계발: 과제와 전망’으로 제4차 산업혁명 시대의 미래역량 개발의 핵심 강좌로서 ‘글쓰기 교육’의 중요성을 강조함으로써 학생들의 역량개발에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 그리고 각 장章의 마지막 부분에는 학습 내용을 이해하는 데 필수적으로 요구되는 ‘주요 개념 및 용어’와 심화학습을 유도하기 위한 ‘추천 읽을거리’ 목록을 제시하였다.

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책머리에 ······················································································································ ⅲ

시작 장 대학의 교양교육과 글쓰기 ····························································1

제1절 대학교육과 교양교육 ······································································································· 2

1. 교육과 대학교육 ······································································································ 2

2. 대학의 교양교육과 시대정신 ··················································································· 4

3. 대학발전의 핵심가치로서 교양교육 ········································································ 6

제2절 교양교육으로서 글쓰기 ··································································································· 8

1. 교양교육의 강화와 글쓰기 교육 ············································································· 8

2. 글쓰기 교육의 목표와 방향 ··················································································· 11

3. 학제적 글쓰기 교육과 비판적 사고 ······································································ 12

제3절 글쓰기와 미래역량 계발 ······························································································· 14

1. 글쓰기 교육의 통합교과적 성격 ··········································································· 14

2. 교양교육으로서 글쓰기 교육의 가치 ···································································· 15

3. 효과적인 글쓰기 교육을 위한 해결과제 ······························································· 16

4. 미래역량 계발을 위한 글쓰기에 대한 종합적 고찰 ············································· 18

제Ⅰ부 • 글쓰기의 이론적 기초

제1장 비판적 사고의 중요성과 글쓰기 ······················································23

제1절 학문과 비판적 사고 ······································································································ 24

1. 학문과 과학 ············································································································ 24

2. 비판적 사고 ············································································································ 25

3. 비판적 사고의 중요성 ···························································································· 27

제2절 사고의 요소와 비판적 사고의 기준 ··············································································· 28

1. 사고의 요소와 비판적 사고 ··················································································· 28

2. 비판적 사고의 기준 ······························································································· 31

제3절 비판적 사고 함양과 글쓰기 교육 ·················································································· 33

1. 비판적 글쓰기의 교육적 가치 ··············································································· 33

2. 글쓰기 교육의 필요성 ···························································································· 35

3. 글쓰기 교육의 방향 ······························································································· 36

4. 대학에서 계열별 글쓰기 ························································································ 38

제2장 글쓰기의 의미, 절차 및 요건 ···························································43

제1절 글쓰기의 목적과 의미 ·································································································· 44

1. 글쓰기의 목적 ········································································································ 44

2. 글쓰기의 의미 ········································································································ 45

제2절 글쓰기의 절차 ·············································································································· 48

1. 좋은 글을 쓰기 위한 준비와 절차 ······································································ 48

2. 좋은 글을 쓰기 위한 과정 ···················································································· 49

제3절 ‘좋은 글’의 요건과 글쓰기 자세 ··················································································· 63

1. 좋은 글의 요건 ······································································································ 63

2. 좋은 글쓰기의 자세 ······························································································· 65

제4절 글쓰기 연습과 자기 진단 ····························································································· 66

1. 글쓰기 연습을 위한 준비 ······················································································ 66

2. 글쓰기의 자기 진단 ······························································································· 69

제3장 글쓰기의 논리전개와 종류 ·······························································73

제1절 글쓰기의 전개 방법 ······································································································ 74

1. 설명 ························································································································ 75

2. 논증 ························································································································ 75

3. 묘사 ························································································································ 75

4. 서사 ························································································································ 76

제2절 실용적 글쓰기 ·············································································································· 77

1. 설명문과 감상문 ····································································································· 77

2. 비평문, 서평 및 칼럼 ····························································································· 79

3. 서간문과 전자우편 ································································································· 81

4. 이력서와 자기소개서 ····························································································· 82

5. 제안서, 기획서 및 품의서 ····················································································· 85

6. 기타 여러 유형의 글 ····························································································· 86

제3절 학문적 글쓰기 ·············································································································· 87

1. 보고서 ····················································································································· 87

2. 학술논문 ················································································································· 89

3. 학습일지 ················································································································· 93

제4절 문예적 글쓰기 ·············································································································· 94

1. 수필 ························································································································ 94

2. 시 ···························································································································· 94

3. 소설 ························································································································ 95

4. 희곡 ························································································································ 96

5. 이야기 전달 ············································································································ 97

제4장 글쓰기의 어문규정과 참고문헌 작성법 ·············································99

제1절 바른 표기와 어문규정 ································································································· 100

1. 바른 표기와 어문규정 ·························································································· 100

2. 올바른 문장의 요건과 바른 문장 쓰기 ······························································· 103

3. 문장 오류의 유형과 문장 고치기 ········································································ 109

제2절 올바르게 인용하기 ······································································································ 114

1. 인용의 중요성과 올바르게 인용하기 ·································································· 114

제3절 참고문헌 작성하기 ····································································································· 124

1. 참고문헌 작성하기 ······························································································· 124

2. 참고문헌 양식 ······································································································ 126

제5장 글쓰기와 연구윤리 ··········································································129

제1절 연구윤리 위반과 표절 ································································································· 130

1. 연구윤리와 글쓰기의 윤리 ··················································································· 130

2. 표절과 부정확한 인용 ·························································································· 131

3. 표절의 사례 ········································································································ 135

제2절 글쓰기의 윤리와 윤리적 글쓰기 ·················································································· 137

1. 글쓰기 윤리의 문제 ····························································································· 137

2. 윤리적인 글쓰기 ··································································································· 141

제3절 연구윤리와 표절예방 교육 ···························································································· 145

1. 대학생의 글쓰기와 연구윤리 ··············································································· 145

2. 대학생 글쓰기 윤리교육의 현황과 필요성 ························································· 147

3. 실천적 글쓰기와 글쓰기 윤리교육 ······································································ 149

4. 윤리적 글쓰기를 위한 실천방안 ·········································································· 151

제Ⅱ부 • 사고와 표현의 과정으로 글쓰기의 실제

제6장 글쓰기 준비과정으로서 독서 ··························································157

제1절 글쓰기 준비와 논리 구성을 위한 독서 ········································································ 158

1. 글쓰기의 원천으로 독서와 고전 읽기 ································································· 158

2. 논리 구성을 위한 올바른 독서 방법 ·································································· 160

제2절 내면화 과정으로서 독서와 글쓰기 ··············································································· 163

1. 저자의 생각 읽기와 독서 ···················································································· 163

2. 독서를 통한 가치의 내면화 ················································································· 165

제3절 글감(주제) 탐색으로서 독서와 글쓰기 ········································································· 167

1. 사회와 소통하는 과정으로서 독서 ······································································ 167

2. 독서를 통한 세상 읽기와 글쓰기 ········································································ 168

제4절 독서를 통한 요약과 글쓰기 ························································································ 169

1. 핵심내용 요약을 위한 독서 ················································································· 169

2. 독서를 통한 사고의 확장과 글쓰기 ···································································· 171

제7장 내면세계 표출과 실용적 글쓰기 ·····················································179

제1절 내면세계 성찰과 글쓰기 ····························································································· 180

1. 자기 발견과 치유의 글쓰기 ··············································································· 180

2. 일기, 편지 그리고 자서전 ··················································································· 184

제2절 진로개척과 글쓰기 ····································································································· 188

1. 이력서 작성하기 ································································································· 188

2. 자기소개서 쓰기 ··································································································· 192

제3절 인터넷에서 글쓰기 ······································································································ 197

1. 인터넷 글쓰기의 기초 ·························································································· 197

2. 인터넷 글쓰기의 종류와 방법 ············································································· 199

제8장 공통체 소통과 비판·성찰·창조적 글쓰기 ······································203

제1절 비판적 사고와 참여적 글쓰기 ····················································································· 204

1. 비판적 사고에 기초한 참여적 글쓰기 ································································· 204

2. 참여적 글쓰기의 실제 ·························································································· 207

제2절 반성적 사고와 성찰적 글쓰기 ····················································································· 212

1. 반성적 사고에 기초한 성찰적 글쓰기 ································································· 212

2. 성찰적 글쓰기의 실제 ·························································································· 214

제3절 개성적 사고와 창조적 글쓰기 ····················································································· 220

1. 창조적 글쓰기 ······································································································ 220

2. 패러디 글쓰기 ······································································································ 223

3. 릴레이 글쓰기 ······································································································ 224

4. 각색, 개작, 그리고 재창작 ··················································································· 225

제9장 학습내용 확인을 위한 학문적 글쓰기 ············································227

제1절 학문적 글쓰기의 기본 요건 ························································································ 228

1. 내용 측면의 요건 ································································································· 228

2. 형식 측면의 요건 ································································································· 230

제2절 논문의 기본 형식과 작성 요령 ····················································································· 232

1. 논문의 기본구성 ··································································································· 232

2. 논문의 체제 ·········································································································· 235

3. 논문 작성의 일반적 지침과 전개 방식 ······························································· 239

4. 장과 절의 구분과 문단의 구성 ··········································································· 242

제3절 학문적 글쓰기의 실제 ·································································································· 245

1. 과제 보고서 작성과 자료수집 ··········································································· 245

2. 자료 정리와 보고서 작성하기 ··········································································· 247

제10장 학습결과 공유과정과 발표 및 토론·············································251

제1절 소통과정으로서 발표 ·································································································· 252

1. 효과적인 소통을 위한 발표의 기본 원리 ··························································· 253

2. 효과적인 소통을 위한 매체 활용의 기본 원리 ·················································· 254

제2절 쟁점사항 해결과 토론 ································································································ 257

1. 토론의 기본 원리 ································································································· 257

2. 토론의 절차 ·········································································································· 259

제3절 효과적 발표와 발표의 실제 ························································································ 261

1. 효과적인 발표 ······································································································ 261

2. 발표의 실제 ·········································································································· 267

마무리 장 글쓰기를 통한 미래역량 계발: 과제와 전망 ···························273

제1절 융·복합교육과 교양 글쓰기 ························································································· 274

1. 21세기 학문세계와 통섭의 방향 ·········································································· 274

2. 기초교양교육과 글쓰기 ························································································ 276

3. 융 ․ 복합관점에서 글쓰기 교육의 필요성 ····························································· 277

제2절 대학교육에서 글쓰기 교육의 과제 ················································································ 277

1. 대학 글쓰기 교육의 과거와 현재 ········································································ 277

2. 대학에서 글쓰기의 미래 전망 ············································································· 279

제3절 미래사회 역량계발과 글쓰기 교육 ················································································ 280

1. 교양교육과 글쓰기 교육 ···················································································· 280

2. 다시 시작하는 결론: 미래역량 계발과 글쓰기 교육 ·········································· 282

참고문헌 ···················································································································· 287

찾아보기 ···················································································································· 293

저자소개

이성흠李聖欽 Lee, Sung Heum

현재 경기대학교 대학원에서 교육학 전공 교수로서 활동하고 있다. 서울대학교 대학원에서 교육학석사를 마치고 인디애나대학교Indiana University 대학원에서 철학박사Ph. D., 교육공학과 인적자원개발 학위를 받았으며, 한국과학기술연구소KIST 책임기술기사, 인디애나대학교 교육훈련센터 연구위원, 중앙공무원교육원 사이버교육팀장 등을 역임하였다. 인간의 역량개발을 위한 교육·훈련 프로그램 설계와 효과적인 교수·학습을 위한 테크놀로지 활용에 관심이 있으며, 최근에는 인간의 사고와 표현에서 요구되는 글쓰기를 학제적, 또는 통섭 관점으로 접근하는 영역에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 저(역)서로는 새로운 교육과정을 위한 교육학개론(공저, 교육과학사, 2007), 학문적 글쓰기의 이해(공저, 교육과학사, 2011), 교육방법 및 교육공학: 의사소통, 교수설계, 그리고 매체 활용(제4판)(공저, 교육과학사, 2017), 인성교육과 교사교육: 도덕적 교수활동의 실천전략(공동역서, 교육과학사, 2018) 등이 있으며, 논문으로는 ‘양성평등 교육프로그램 유형이 대학생 성평등 의식향상에 미치는 효과(교육학연구, 2010)’, ‘Dimensions and design criteria for developing training reaction evaluations (Human Resource Development International, 2002)’ 등의 50여 편의 국내·외 학술논문이 있다.

박영민朴暎珉 Park, Young-Min

현재 동양대학교 미래교육혁신원에서 교육성과관리센터장 겸 기초교양교육(글쓰기 교육) 교수로서 활동하고 있다. 연세대학교 대학원에서 교육학석사국어교육학, 한국외국어대학교 대학원에서 교육학석사 중국어교육학 과정을 마치고 동국대학교 대학원에서 교육학박사Ph. D., 국어교육학 학위를 받았다. 자율형사립고 북일고등학교, 양정고등학교, 휘문고등학교, 인천포스코고등학교 교사, 2015 개정 교육과정 국어과 교과서 검토위원 및 자문위원, 서울특별시교육청 논술자문단, 중앙소방학교 소방공무원 채용시험 국어영역 출제위원, 한국정보관리협회 한자어능력검정시험 출제위원 등을 역임하였다. 교양교육과 연계한 글쓰기, 인문학과 연계한 인성교육 프로그램 설계·개발에 관심이 있으며, 최근에는 미래역량 개발과 연관된 교양교육 (비)교과 프로그램 설계와 융·복합 관점에서 접근한 글쓰기로 연구 영역을 확장하고 있다. 대한민국 한자명인선발대회 최우수상(2017), 전국한문실력경시대회 동상(2018), 다산학술논문대전 특별상(2018) 등을 수상하였다. 저서로는 테마와 스토리가 있는 세계여행: 세계편(푸른길, 2016) 등이 있으며, 논문으로는 ‘교양교육을 통한 미래역량 개발 방향 탐색: 글쓰기 강좌에서 자아정체성 확립을 중심으로(인문사회과학연구, 2020)’, ‘대학 교양교육에서 『고경중마방(古鏡重磨方)』을 활용한 인성역량 함양 방안 탐색(퇴계학논집, 2020)’ 등 10여 편의 학술논문이 있다.

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